INFORMATE Y DISFRUTA TUS VIAJES

Todos sabemos que aún el viaje más detallado y perfectamente planeado puede ser arruinado por circunstancias no previstas, como una enfermedad, el extravío del equipaje, un accidente de tránsito, no contar con un servicio o información que necesitamos.

Cuando esto sucede en el extranjero, las diferencias de idioma, costumbres o leyes pueden transformar lo que, de haber sucedido en el propio país, hubiera sido algo totalmente controlable, en una pesadilla. Lo más problemático en estos casos es no poder acceder a la ayuda local adecuada, en el idioma familiar, en cualquier momento del día. Por lo tanto, uno queda indefenso frente a los imprevistos que se pueden presentar.

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lunes, 16 de noviembre de 2015

¿SABIAS QUE ANTES SE FUMABA EN LOS AVIONES?


Colombia fue el primer país latinoamericano en adoptar la medida que prohibía fumar en 1991. En Estados Unidos la medida se aplicaba desde hacía 3 años y desde entonces se extendió todas las naciones. La prohibición incluye cigarrillo, tabaco y sus derivados.

Asimismo, para adoptar la medida, se tuvieron en cuenta factores como el hecho demostrado de que el cigarrillo no solo es nocivo para los fumadores, sino para quienes lo aspiran en forma pasiva.
También el que, en los recintos cerrados, el humo del cigarrillo tiende a distribuirse homogéneamente, con lo cual queda sin fundamento la separación de espacios para fumadores y no fumadores dentro de una aeronave. (Las primeras filas estaban reservadas para fumadores)
A los comienzos no había sanciones para fumadores, sino que los miembros de la tripulación solicitaban que apagaran sus cigarrillos.

Sin embargo, entre otras cosas las medidas se reclamaban  por las presiones de los usuarios que querían aire puro, antes de finalizar la década de los setenta, empresas como Iberia decidieron separarlos en fumadores y no fumadores. La costumbre se extendió rápidamente a comienzos de los ochenta y en promedio se destinaba el 40 por ciento de las sillas para fumadores y el 60 por ciento para no fumadores, cuando los aviones son grandes y sus espacios lo permitían. A veces, la separación era por cabinas y otras por filas de asientos. Desde esa época se prohibió fumar en los baños, después que se encontró que un incendio de un avión brasilero fue ocasionado por un pasajero que estaba fumando en el sanitario. Para evitar las trampas, estas secciones están provistas de detectores de humo que activan alarmas si algún viajero enciende un cigarrillo.

La presión de los defensores del ambiente sin humo continuó y en 1988 consiguió que en Estados Unidos se prohibiera el consumo de cigarrillo y similares en los vuelos domésticos de menos de una hora. Luego se extendió a los de hasta cinco horas, de manera que muy pocos trayectos (Hawai y Alaska, por ejemplo), se exceptuaban. Desde el comienzo del año 1991, la determinación de impedir que se fume a bordo de aeronaves comerciales se extendió hasta seis horas, lo que en la práctica significó que abarcara casi todos los destinos.
Canadá también impidió fumar en sus vuelos nacionales y a las distancias son similares a las de Estados Unidos.

En 1989, Gran Bretaña se unió a la iniciativa y expidió una ley que no permitía fumar en vuelos dentro del Reino Unido. En 1990, su aerolínea British Airways inició vuelos de prueba para no fumadores: algunos entre el Reino Unido y Canadá y todos los intra europeos de menos de una hora de duración como Londres-Amsterdam, Lóndres-Paris y Londres-Bruselas.

Otros países como Alemania siguieron el ejemplo y mantuvieron la norma algunos meses. Pero, tuvieron que echarla para atrás por las demandas de los fumadores que lograron demostrar que violaba los derechos humanos.

Además de las incomodidades causadas a quienes no fuman, el humo crea dificultades técnicas a las compañías, debido a que la nicotina y la brea del tabaco se adhieren a las paredes de las boquillas y filtros por donde sale y obliga a cambiarlos con frecuencia.

En Estados Unidos, la veda fue implantada en 1991. En las grandes compañías europeas como Air France, Alitalia o Lufthansa, todos los vuelos son para no fumadores. La modalidad, empezando por los vuelos de cabotaje, se ha ido instalando en todos los países del resto del mundo. Esto se enmarca en una campaña global anti-tabaco, que comprende todos los sitios de acceso público. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), unas cien mil personas mueren diariamente a causa de enfermedades cuyo desarrollo es inducido por el vicio de fumar.

En Aerolíneas Argentinas, en el año 1987,  el 50 por ciento del pasaje estaba reservado a los fumadores, mientras que en 1999 en los vuelos internacionales solo el 10 por ciento estaba reservado para ellos y por lo general los asientos quedan vacíos porque la gente elegía el sector no fumador. 
El 20 de junio de 1999 se prohibió totalmente fumar en los vuelos internacionales.

Fumar en  aeropuertos no sólo está prohibido, sino penalizado. A bordo del avión la restricción y la penalización es mucho mayor. Las azafatas avisan antes de empezar el vuelo y, además de pagar la multa, pueden obligarte a dejar el vuelo (si aún no hay salido) o detenerte a la llegada del país de destino.

Otro caso sería lo ocurrido en 2009 a un sudanés que fue condenado a recibir 30 latigazos por fumar en un avión.

¿Puedo viajar con mi cigarrillo electrónico? Esta es una pregunta común. Según el blog oficial de la TSA (Administración de Seguridad de Transporte en los Estados Unidos), se puede viajar en un avión con su cigarrillo electrónico, pero al igual que los cigarrillos de tabaco, no puedes usar tu cigarrillo electrónico a bordo de cualquier avión comercial en los Estados Unidos, ya sea en la pista o durante el vuelo. 

Las compañías aéreas pueden tener sus propias regulaciones con respecto a cómo usted puede viajar con su cigarrillo electrónico, algunos pueden no permitir que lo guarde en su equipaje de mano. Siempre es mejor hacer referencia a los elementos de la lista prohibida que es específico de la compañía con la que está volando. Vuelos privados operan bajo un conjunto diferente de reglas que las líneas aéreas comerciales y pueden permitir el uso de los cigarrillos electrónicos.


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